After nearly two years of studying Sanskrit I have got to the point where my 50-year-old brain can hold five verses at least in short-term memory. For the anonymous monks of old who would have committed to long-term memory every verse in all 18 cantos, reciting Saundarananda must have been a very rewarding experience.
3.10
avabudhya c'aiva param'-aartham
a-jaram anukampayaa vibhuH
nityam amRtam upadarshayituM
sa varaaNasii-parikaraam ayaat puriim
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3.10
Awake to the one great purpose,
Which is ageless; and universal in his compassion,
In order to demonstrate the constant and undying,
He walked to the city that was sustained
by the waters of the Varuna and Asi.
VOCABULARY:
avabudhya = abs. ava- √ budh: to become sensible or aware of , perceive , know
ca: and
eva: (emphatic) truly
param'-aartham (acc. sg. m.): the primary matter
parama: primary, paramount
artha: matter, purpose, aim, point
a-jaram (acc. sg. m.): mfn. not subject to old age , undecaying , ever young,
anukampayaa = inst. sg. anukampaa: compassion
vibhuH (nom sg. m.): mfn. being everywhere, omnipresent; mighty, effective, functional; m. the lord, the almighty
nityam (acc. sg. ): mfn. continual , perpetual , eternal ; constant, ordinary , usual , invariable
amRtam: mfn. undying, immortal; n. immortality, the deathless ; the nectar of immortality
upadarshayitum = inf. causative upa- √ dRsh: to cause to see , show , exhibit ; to explain, illustrate
sa (nom. sg. m.): he
varaaNasii-parikaraam (acc. sg. f.):
varaaNasii: f. N. of a river ; f. the city of Benares (more usually written vaaraaNasii cf. varaNasii ; two small rivers , the varaNaa and asii are said to join or give rise to the name)
parikara: mfn. who or what helps or assists ; m. (ifc. f(aa).) attendants , followers , entourage , retinue , train (sg. and pl.); girdle
pari- √ kR: to surround ; to uphold
ayaat = 3rd pers. sg. imperfect yaa: to go , proceed , move , walk , set out , march , advance , travel , journey
puriim (acc. sg. ): f. a fortress , castle , town
3.11
atha dharma-cakram Rta-naabhi
dhRti-mati-samaadhi-nemimat
tatra vinaya-niyam'-aaram RShir
jagato hitaaya pariShady avartayat
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3.11
And so the wheel of Dharma --
whose hub is uprightness,
Whose rim is constancy, determination,
and balanced stillness,
And whose spokes are the rules of discipline --
The seer turned in an assembly there,
for the welfare of the world.
VOCABULARY:
atha: then
dharma-cakram (acc. sg.): n. the dharma-wheel, the wheel or range of the law; m. " having or turning the wheel of the law " , a buddha ; a partic. mythical weapon
Rta-naabhi (acc. sg. n.): having truth for a hub
Rta: mfn. met with ; fitting, right; upright, honest, true; n. fixed or settled order , law , rule (esp. in religion); sacred or pious action ; n. truth in general , righteousness , right ; n. truth personified (as an object of worship , and hence enumerated among the sacred objects )
naabhi: f. (prob. fr. √nabh , " to burst asunder or into a hole " ; the navel ; the nave of a wheel , centre , hub
dhRti-mati-samaadhi-nemimat (acc. sg. n.): having constancy and intention as its hub
dhRti: f. holding , seizing , keeping , supporting, firmness , constancy , resolution , will , comman
mati: f. devotion , prayer , worship , hymn , sacred utterance ; thought , design , intention , resolution , determination , inclination , wish , desire
samaadhi: m. putting together; integration, physical balance, harmony
nemi: f. ( √ nam) rim, felly of a wheel (the section of a wheel-rim between each spoke); any circumference or edge or rim
-mat (possessive suffix) having
tatra: there
vinaya-niyam'-aaram (acc. sg. n.): with the rules of discipline as its spokes
vinaya: guidance, discipline, instruction, the Vinaya
niyama: rules, precepts
ara: mn. the spoke of a wheel
RShiH (nom. sg. m.): the seer
jagataH = gen. sg. jagat: the world
hitaaya = dat. sg. hita: n. (sg. or pl.) anything useful or salutary or suitable or proper , benefit , advantage , profit , service , good , welfare , good advice &c
pariShadi = loc. sg. pariShad: f. an assembly , meeting , group , circle , audience
avartayat = 3rd pers. sg. imperfect causative vRt: to cause to turn or revolve , whirl , wave , brandish , hurl ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist , do , perform , accomplish , display; to set forth , relate , recount , explain , declare
3.12
iti duHkham etad iyam asya
samudaya-lataa pravartikaa
shaantir iyam ayam upaaya iti
pravibhaagashaH param idaM catuShTayam
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3.12
"This is suffering;
This is the tangled mass of causes producing it;
This is cessation; and here is a means."
Thus, one by one, this supreme set of four,
VOCABULARY:
3.12
iti: thus, in this manner
duHkham (nom. sg.): n. suffering, unease, dissatisfaction
etat (nom. sg. n.): this is, here is [suffering]
iyam (nom. sg. f.): this is, here is [the tangle]
asya (gen. sg. n.) of it, belonging to [suffering]
samudaya-lataa (nom. sg. f.): the tangle of producing causes, the tangle of aggregations
samudaya: m. coming together , union , junction , combination , collection , assemblage , multitude , aggregation , aggregate ; (with Buddhists) producing cause, instigating cause (of suffering)
lataa: f. a creeper , any creeping or winding plant or twining tendril
pravartikaa = nom. sg. f. pravartaka: mfn. acting , proceeding ; setting in motion or action , setting on foot , advancing , promoting , forwarding ; producing , causing , effecting
shaantiH (nom. sg.): f. tranquillity , peace , quiet , peace or calmness of mind , absence of passion , averting of pain ; alleviation (of evil or pain) , cessation , abatement , extinction (of fire &c )
iyam (nom. sg. f.): this is, here is [peace]
ayam (nom. sg. m.): this is, here is [the/a means]
upaayaH (nom. sg.): m. coming near , approach , arrival ; that by which one reaches one's aim , a means or expedient (of any kind) , way , stratagem , craft , artifice
iti: thus (close quotes)
pravibhaaga-shas: ind. separately, singly, one by one
pravibhaaga: m. separation , division , distribution , classification ; a part , portion
param (acc. sg. n.): highest, ascendant, supreme
idam (acc. sg. n.): this, thus, here
catuShTayam (acc. sg.): n. set of four, tetrad, foursome
3.13
abhidhaaya ca tri-parivartam
a-tulam anivartyam uttamaM
dvaadasha-niyata-vikalpam RShir
vininaaya kauNDina-sa-gotram aaditaH
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3.13
The seer set out, with its the three divisions
Of the unequalled, the incontrovertible, the ultimate,
And with its statement of twelvefold determination;
After which he instructed, as the first,
him of the Kaundinya clan.
VOCABULARY:
abhidhaaya = abs. abhi- √ dhaa: (in classical Sanskrit generally) to set forth , explain , tell , speak to , address , say , name
ca: and
tri-parivartam (acc. sg. m.): with three three divisions (of the noble eightfold path, to be detailed in Canto 16)
tri: three
pari-varta: m. (from pari- √ vRt, to turn round) revolving , revolution (of a planet &c ) ; a chapter , section , book &c
a-tulam (acc. sg. n.): mfn. uequalled, imponderable, incomparable
√tul: to lift up, to determine the weight of anything by lifting it up, weigh, compare by weighing and examining, ponder, examine with distrust
a-nivartyam (acc. sg. n): mfn. not to be gone back on, incontervertible
nivartya: mfn. (=gerundive from ni- √ vRt): mfn. to be turned back; annulled , declared to be invalid
uttamam (acc. sg. n.): mfn. uppermost, highest, most elevated, furthest removed
dvaadasha-niyata-vikalpam (acc. sg. n.): statement of twelvefold dependence
dvaadasha: twelve (referring to the twelve links in the chain of what is generally known as "dependent origination")
niyata: mfn. held back, held in, tied to; restrained, restricted; limited in number, connecting, dependent on; constant, fixed, established, sure, invariable, inevitably.
vikalpa: m. alternation, option; variation, combination, diversity, manifoldness, difference of perception, distinction, statement, doubt; false notion, fancy
RShiH (nom. sg. m.): the seer
vininaaya = 3rd pers. sg. perfect vi- √ nii : to lead or take away , remove ; to train , tame , guide (horses) ; to educate , instruct , direct
kauNDina-sa-gotram (acc. sg. m.): him of the Kaundinya clan
kauNDina: mfn. fr. kauNDinya
kauNDinya: m. patr. fr. kuNDina ; name of a clan
kuNDina: n. N. of the capital of vidarbha (ruled over by bhiima , the father-in-law of nala , apparently the modern Kondavir in Berar)
sa-gotra: mfn. being of the same family or kin , related to (gen. or comp.)
aaditaH: ind. from the beginning , from the first , at first , at the head of
3.14
sa hi doSha-saagaram agaadham
upadhi-jalam aadhi-jantukaM
krodha-mada-bhaya-taraNga-calaM
pratataara lokam api ca vyataarayat
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3.14
For the fathomless sea of faults,
Whose water is falsity, where fish are cares,
And which is disturbed by waves of anger, lust, and fear,
He had crossed; and he took the world across too.
VOCABULARY:
sa (nom. sg. m.): he
hi: for
doSha-saagaram (acc. sg. m.): the sea of faults
doSha: m. fault, vice, deficiency, sinfulness, harm; misuse; disease [of the three humours, applied also to the humours themselves]
saagara: m. the ocena, sea, flood
agaadham (acc. sg. m.): mfn. not shallow , deep , unfathomable
a: not
gaadha: fordable, shallow
upadhi-jalam (acc. sg. m.): with falsity for water
upadhi: the act of putting or adding on; addition; fraud, circumvention falsity, fraudulence, false pretence, condition.
[MW adds, for Buddhist usage see] upaadhi: a substitute; anything which may be taken for or has the mere name or appearance of another thing; appearance, phantom, disguise; condition; deception; deceit.
jalam: water
aadhi-jantukam (acc. sg. m.): with anxious thoughts for fish
aadhi: (1) mortgage, financial liability, (2) mental trouble, anxious thought, care
jantu: creature, fish [to fry?]
krodha-mada-bhaya-taraNga-calam (acc. sg. m.): moved by waves of anger, lust, and fear
krodha: anger
mada: hilarity , rapture , excitement , inspiration , intoxication
bhaya: fear
taraNga: wave
cala: mfn. moved, disturbed, agitated
pratataara = 3rd pers. sg. perfect pra- √ tRR: to go to sea, pass over, cross
lokam (acc. sg.): m. world
api: also
ca: and
vyataarayat = 3rd pers. sg. imperfect causative vi -√ tRR: to cause to pass across or through , cause to traverse
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